In cereal grains such as maize, the seed has a specialized structure adapted to store nutrients and protect the embryo. These features play a critical role in the seed’s development and successful germination.

Key Components of a Cereal Seed:

• Seed Coat and Fruit Wall: In maize, the seed coat is thin and membranous, usually fused with the fruit wall, forming a protective covering around the seed.
• Endosperm: This bulky tissue acts as a food storage area, supplying nutrients (mainly starch) to the growing embryo during germination.
• Aleurone Layer: A protein-rich layer that surrounds the endosperm. It helps regulate enzyme activity and supports the breakdown of stored food into usable energy for the embryo.

Biological Importance:

These components work together to ensure the seed is protected and well-prepared for germination. The fused seed coat and fruit wall provide durability and reduce water loss, while the aleurone layer and endosperm support early seedling growth through nutrient supply and enzymatic activity.