Answer
Stirred Tank Bioreactor (STR)
The Stirred Tank Bioreactor is commonly used in biotechnology for the cultivation of microbial and animal cells under controlled conditions. Below is a detailed explanation of its components:
1. Motor
Function: Powers the rotating shaft and impellers.
Importance: Ensures proper mixing and oxygen distribution in the culture broth.
2. Foam Breaker
Function: Disrupts foam created during aeration.
Importance: Prevents foam overflow and sensor malfunction.
3. Flat Bladed Impeller
Function: Agitates and stirs the culture medium.
Importance: Maintains homogeneity, improves mass and oxygen transfer.
4. Culture Broth
Description: Nutrient-rich liquid where cells grow and produce desired products.
5. Sterile Air Inlet
Function: Supplies filtered air or oxygen.
Importance: Maintains aerobic conditions for microbial or cell growth.
6. Steam for Sterilisation
Function: Introduces steam to sterilize the bioreactor.
Importance: Ensures aseptic environment by removing contaminants.
7. Acid/Base for pH Control
Function: Automatically adjusts pH levels using acid or base solutions.
Importance: Maintains optimal conditions for biological activity.
8. Pressure Gauge
Function: Monitors internal pressure.
Importance: Ensures safe operating conditions and process control.
Working Principle
The bioreactor maintains optimal conditions for growth by stirring the culture medium, controlling temperature and pH, and supplying sterile air. It is essential in the production of pharmaceuticals, enzymes, and other bioproducts.