Answer
🔬 Acid Strength & Dipole Moment Analysis
Part 1: Comparing Acid Strengths (3 points)
(a) Ka Comparison
Acid A: Ka = 1.1 × 10⁻⁵
Acid B: Ka = 9.6 × 10⁻⁶
➤ Since 1.1 × 10⁻⁵ > 9.6 × 10⁻⁶,
Acid A is stronger.
(b) pKa Comparison
Acid C: pKa = –4.02
Acid D: pKa = –3.85
➤ Since –4.02 < –3.85,
Acid C is stronger.
✅ Final Answers:
- (a): Acid A is stronger
- (b): Acid C is stronger
Part 2: Direction of Dipole Moment (6 points)
The dipole moment vector points from the partial positive (δ⁺) to partial negative (δ⁻) end of a bond.
Common Examples:
| Molecule | Dipole Direction |
|---|---|
| H₂O | Toward the oxygen atom |
| NH₃ | Toward the nitrogen atom |
| CH₃Cl | From carbon to chlorine |
| CO₂ | No net dipole (linear symmetry) |
| SO₂ | Toward oxygen atoms (bent shape) |
| HF | From hydrogen to fluorine |
Note: Specific molecular structures are needed for a precise dipole direction analysis. Please provide them if required.