Answer

Major Products of Organic Reactions

Overview

This guide summarizes the expected major product for each step involving oxidation and reduction of organic functional groups. The reagents used target specific types of alcohols, ketones, or acids and transform them into more oxidized or reduced forms.

Step-by-Step Reaction Analysis

Step 1: Oxidation with NaOCl + AcOH

• Reagents: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with acetic acid
• Reaction Type: Mild oxidation
• Product: 1° alcohol → aldehyde; 2° alcohol → ketone
• Note: Conducted at 0°C to avoid overoxidation

Step 2: Oxidation with Chromic Acid (H₂CrO₄)

• Reagents: H₂CrO₄ (Jones reagent)
• Reaction Type: Strong oxidation
• Product: 1° alcohol → carboxylic acid; 2° alcohol → ketone

Step 3: Oxidation with Dess–Martin Periodinane (DMP)

• Reagents: DMP
• Reaction Type: Selective, mild oxidation
• Product: 1° alcohol → aldehyde; 2° alcohol → ketone

Step 4: Reduction with Sodium Borohydride (NaBH₄)

• Reagents: NaBH₄ followed by H₃O⁺
• Reaction Type: Mild reduction
• Product: Ketones → 2° alcohols
• Note: NaBH₄ does not reduce acids or esters

Step 5: Grignard Reaction (CH₃MgBr)

• Reagents: CH₃MgBr followed by H₃O⁺
• Reaction Type: Nucleophilic addition
• Product: Ketones → 3° alcohols (with a new C–C bond)

Step 6: Reduction with Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LiAlH₄)

• Reagents: LiAlH₄ followed by H₃O⁺
• Reaction Type: Strong reduction
• Product: Carboxylic acids → 1° alcohols
• Note: LiAlH₄ can reduce esters, acids, and amides

Summary Table