Chromatographic techniques reveal that the green color seen in leaves is not the result of a single pigment. Instead, it is due to the presence of four different pigments, each contributing uniquely to the leaf’s appearance and photosynthesis process.

Major Pigments in Leaves:

• Chlorophyll a – Bright or blue-green in color (in chromatograms). It is the primary pigment responsible for capturing light energy in photosynthesis.
• Chlorophyll b – Yellow-green pigment. It acts as an accessory pigment, expanding the range of light absorption.
• Xanthophylls – Yellow pigments that assist in light absorption and help in dissipating excess light energy.
• Carotenoids – Yellow to yellow-orange pigments that support light capture and protect chlorophyll from light-induced damage.

Role in Photosynthesis:

These pigments are vital in capturing light energy used in photosynthesis. Each pigment absorbs specific wavelengths of light, giving it a characteristic color. By working together, these pigments ensure efficient light absorption and energy conversion, while also protecting the plant from damage due to excessive light exposure.