Answer
Intermolecular Forces: Types and Descriptions
Dispersion Force
Matches with: Description C
Dispersion forces, also known as **London dispersion forces**, are the weakest type of intermolecular force and occur between **all covalently bonded molecules**, including **non-polar molecules**. These forces arise from momentary fluctuations in electron distribution that create **temporary dipoles**. Their strength increases with:
Dispersion forces, also known as **London dispersion forces**, are the weakest type of intermolecular force and occur between **all covalently bonded molecules**, including **non-polar molecules**. These forces arise from momentary fluctuations in electron distribution that create **temporary dipoles**. Their strength increases with:
- Greater surface area
- More electrons (larger atoms/molecules)
Dipole-Dipole Force
Matches with: Description B
Dipole-dipole forces occur between molecules that have **permanent dipoles**, meaning the molecules are **polar**. The **partial positive charge** on one molecule is electrostatically attracted to the **partial negative charge** on a neighboring molecule. These forces are **moderate in strength**, and though stronger than dispersion forces in some cases, they are **generally not dramatically stronger**.
Dipole-dipole forces occur between molecules that have **permanent dipoles**, meaning the molecules are **polar**. The **partial positive charge** on one molecule is electrostatically attracted to the **partial negative charge** on a neighboring molecule. These forces are **moderate in strength**, and though stronger than dispersion forces in some cases, they are **generally not dramatically stronger**.
Hydrogen Bonding
Matches with: Description A
Hydrogen bonding is a **strong type of dipole-dipole attraction** but only occurs when hydrogen is **covalently bonded to highly electronegative atoms** such as **fluorine (F), oxygen (O), or nitrogen (N)**. The hydrogen atom becomes highly positively polarized and is strongly attracted to lone pairs on electronegative atoms of neighboring molecules. Among molecules of similar size or surface area, hydrogen bonding is usually the **strongest** intermolecular force.
Hydrogen bonding is a **strong type of dipole-dipole attraction** but only occurs when hydrogen is **covalently bonded to highly electronegative atoms** such as **fluorine (F), oxygen (O), or nitrogen (N)**. The hydrogen atom becomes highly positively polarized and is strongly attracted to lone pairs on electronegative atoms of neighboring molecules. Among molecules of similar size or surface area, hydrogen bonding is usually the **strongest** intermolecular force.