Answer
Transferase Reactions and Mechanism
S–G + S# → S + S#–G
Where:
- G is a functional group other than hydrogen.
- S and S# are substrate molecules.
Explanation of the Reaction:
This reaction represents the transfer of a functional group (G) from one substrate (S) to another substrate (S#).
- S–G is the donor molecule that originally carries the group G.
- S# is the acceptor molecule that will receive the group G.
- After the transfer, S becomes free of G, and S#–G becomes the modified molecule with the newly added group.
Role of Transferases:
Transferases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of specific functional groups from one molecule to another. They are involved in many crucial biochemical processes.
- Aminotransferases: Transfer amino groups.
- Methyltransferases: Transfer methyl groups.
- Kinases: Transfer phosphate groups (a subclass of phosphotransferases).
Significance in Biochemistry:
- Transferase reactions play a vital role in metabolic pathways and cellular regulation.
- They are involved in processes like signal transduction, energy transfer, and biosynthesis.
- Understanding these enzymes is essential in biotechnology, medicine, and pharmacology.