Electrolytes
Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water and can conduct electricity through the resulting solution. These ions are responsible for carrying electric current in both chemical and biological systems.
How They Work
When an electrolyte dissolves in water, it breaks apart into positively and negatively charged particles called cations and anions. These free-moving ions allow electric current to flow through the solution.
Types of Electrolytes
- Strong Electrolytes: Completely dissociate into ions in solution. Examples:
NaCl,HCl,NaOH - Weak Electrolytes: Partially dissociate into ions. Examples:
CH3COOH(acetic acid),NH4OH - Non-electrolytes: Do not dissociate into ions at all. Examples:
Glucose,Ethanol
Biological Importance
Electrolytes play a vital role in the human body. They help:
- Regulate nerve and muscle function
- Maintain hydration and pH balance
- Control blood pressure
- Support cell function
Common biological electrolytes include:
Sodium (Na+)Potassium (K+)Calcium (Ca2+)Magnesium (Mg2+)Chloride (Cl−)Bicarbonate (HCO3−)
In Summary
Electrolytes are essential for electrical conductivity in solutions and for vital biological processes. Their presence enables chemical reactions and maintains electrical signals in nerves and muscles.