Understanding Polymers
A polymer is a large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeated subunits known as monomers. These monomers are chemically bonded together in long chains, which can be either linear or branched.
Poly = many Mer = part or unit
Thus, polymer literally means “many parts.”
Thus, polymer literally means “many parts.”
Types of Polymers
- Natural Polymers: Found in nature (e.g., cellulose, silk, DNA, proteins).
- Synthetic Polymers: Man-made (e.g., nylon, polyethylene, PVC).
Structure and Formation
Polymers are formed through a process called polymerization, where monomers are chemically bonded. There are two main types:
- Addition Polymerization: Monomers add to each other without the loss of any small molecules.
- Condensation Polymerization: Monomers join together with the elimination of a small molecule (like water).
Properties of Polymers
Polymers exhibit a wide range of properties, including:
- Flexibility and elasticity
- Lightweight nature
- Resistance to chemicals and corrosion
- Electrical insulation
Common Examples
Here are some everyday examples of polymers:
Polyethylene (PE)– plastic bags, bottlesPolystyrene (PS)– disposable cups and cutleryPolyvinyl Chloride (PVC)– plumbing pipesDNA– a natural polymer carrying genetic instructions
Polymers are fundamental to modern life — from plastic materials to biological molecules, they play a crucial role in science, engineering, and everyday use.