Which of the following type of immunity is present at the time of birth and is a non-specific type of defence in the human body?

Answer

Question

Which of the following types of immunity is present at the time of birth and is a non-specific type of defence in the human body?

1. Acquired Immunity
2. Innate Immunity
3. Cell-mediated Immunity
4. Humoral Immunity

Detailed Explanation

Understanding Immunity Types:

The immune system in humans comprises two major types of immunity:

• Innate Immunity (Natural or Non-Specific Immunity):
  • This is the first line of defense present from birth.
  • It does not distinguish between different pathogens; hence it is called non-specific.
  • It includes:
    • Physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes.
    • Physiological barriers such as stomach acid.
    • Cellular defenses like phagocytic cells (macrophages, neutrophils).
    • Soluble factors like complement proteins.
• Acquired Immunity (Adaptive or Specific Immunity):
  • Develops after exposure to a specific antigen (pathogen or toxin).
  • It is specific and provides memory for quicker future responses.
  • Includes cell-mediated immunity (involving T-cells) and humoral immunity (involving antibodies produced by B-cells).

Correct Answer:

The type of immunity that is present at birth and is non-specific is Innate Immunity.

Correct Option: (2) Innate Immunity