Answer
Chemical Reactions Explanation
Reaction 1: Decarboxylation of Sodium Benzoate
Reaction: C₆H₅COONa + NaOH → C₆H₆ (benzene) + Na₂CO₃
Reagents/Conditions: Sodalime (NaOH + CaO), heat
Type of Reaction: Decarboxylation
Explanation: Sodium benzoate is heated with sodalime, resulting in the removal of the –COONa group as CO₂, forming benzene.
Reaction 2: Aromatization of n-Hexane
Reaction: C₆H₁₄ → C₆H₆ (benzene) + 4H₂
Reagents/Conditions: Mo₂O₃, 773 K, 10–20 atm
Type of Reaction: Aromatization
Explanation: n-Hexane undergoes cyclization and dehydrogenation under high temperature and pressure with a metal oxide catalyst to form benzene.
Reaction 3: Cyclization of Acetylene
Reaction: HC≡CH → C₆H₆ (benzene)
Reagents/Conditions: Red hot iron tube, 873 K
Type of Reaction: Trimerization
Explanation: Acetylene molecules undergo trimerization at high temperature in a red hot iron tube to produce benzene.
Reaction 4: Gattermann Reaction
Reaction: C₆H₅N₂⁺Cl⁻ + H₂O → C₆H₅OH + N₂ + HCl
Reagents/Conditions: Warm water
Type of Reaction: Diazotization followed by hydrolysis
Explanation: Benzene diazonium chloride is hydrolyzed in warm water to yield phenol, nitrogen gas, and HCl.